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第一章 路由器配置和文件管理

1.1 通过TFTP来配置路由器

提问：使用TFTP来加载路由器的配置文件

回答：

Router1#copy tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG running-congfig

Destination filename [running-config]?<enter>

Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG...

Loading NEWCONFIG from 172.25.1.1 (via FastEthernet0/0.1): !

[OK - 24 bytes]

24 bytes copied in 0.192 secs (125 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注释 IOS12.0 版本以前使用的configure network命令，另外拷贝至路由器的配置文件应该以End结尾，否则会出现下面的错误提示信息：%PASER-4-BADCFG: Unexpected end of configuration file.

1.2 保存路由器配置到服务器

提问：保存路由器当前配置文件到TFTP服务器作为备份

回答：

Freebsd% touch /tftpboot/router1-confg

Freebsd% chmod 666 /tftpboot/routerl-config

Freebsd% telnet Router1

Trying 172.25.1.5...

Connected to Routerl.

Escape character is '`]'.

User Access Verification

Password:<vtypassword>

Routerl>enable

Password:<enablepassword>

Router1#copy running-config tftp://172.25.1.1/router1-confg

Address or name of remote host [172.25.1.1]?<enter>

Destination filename [router1-confg]?<enter>

!!!

9640 bytes copied in 3.956 secs (2437 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注释：确保TFTP服务器上的目录和文件可写

1.3 使用远端配置文件启动路由器

提问：使用另外的配置文件来启动路由器

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#service config

Router1(config)#boot network tftp Network-auto 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#boot host tftp Router8-auto 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释：service config缺省是关闭的，如果打开缺省会去查找的文件名为network-config,cisconet.cfg,router1-confg,router1.cfg等

1.4 保存大于NVRAM大小的配置文件

提问：配置文件过大，超过了可用的NVRAM大小

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#service compress-config

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释：可以使用show startup-config来验证

Router1#show starup-config

Using 5068 out of 29688 bytes,uncompressed size = 9969 bytes

Uncompressed configuration from 5068 bytes to 9969 bytes

1.5 清除启动配置文件

Router1#erase nvram: (erase starup-config)

Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] <enter>

[OK]

Erase of nvram: complete

Router1#reload

System configuration has been modified.Save?[yes/no]:no

Proceed with reload? [confirm] <enter>

注释：无

1.6 加载新的IOS镜像

提问：升级当前的IOS

回答：

Router1#copy tfty://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin flash:

Destination filename [c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin]?<enter>

Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin...

Erase flash:before copying?[confirm]<enter>

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue?[confirm]<enter>

Erasing device...eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee...erased

Erase of flash:complete

Loading c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin from 172.25.1.1(via FastEthernet0/0.1):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OK - 11135588 bytes]

Verifying chechsum... OK (0xE643)

11135588 bytes copied in 82.236 secs (135410 bytes/sec)

Router1# reload

Proceed with reload?[confirm]<enter>

注释：无

1.7 以另一个IOS镜像文件启动

提问：使用其它的IOS镜像启动

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jk9o3s-mz.122-7a.bin

Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jos56i-l.120-11.bin

Router1(config)#boot system slot0:c3620-ik9s-mz.122-13.bin

Router1(config)#boot system rom

Router1(config)#end

注释：boot system命令的顺序非常重要，如果使用新的IOS，建议先进行no boot system的操作。从IOS12.3(4)T后思科引入了boot markers的概念，所有的boot system 命令都会放在boot markers 之间，比如：

Router1#show running-config | include `boot

boot-start-marker

boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-6.T.bin

boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-7.bin

boot system flash:

boot-end-marker

Router1#

1.8 通过网络启动

提问：IOS太大本地Flash无法保存，使用保存在网络上的IOS启动

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#boot system tftp c2500-io-l.122-7a.bin 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#boot system flash

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释：无

1.9 拷贝IOS镜像文件到服务器

提问：保存一份IOS到TFTP服务器作为备份

回答：

Freebsd% touch /tftpboot/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122.12a.bin

Freebsd% chmod 666 /tftpboot/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin

Freebsd% telnet Router1

Trying 172.25.1.5...

Connected to Router1.

User Access Verification

Password:<vtypassword>

Router1>enable

Password:<enablepassword>

Router1#copy flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin tftp

Address or name of remote host []?172.25.1.1

Destination filename [c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin]?<enter>

!!!!!!

11135588 bytes copied in 52.588 secs (211752 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注释

1.10 通过控制台口拷贝IOS镜像文件

提问：通过控制台口和AUX端口来加载IOS

回答：

Router1#copy xmodem:slot1:

                                     ****WARNING****

x/ymodem is a slow transfer protocol limited to the current speed

setting of the auxiliary/console ports.The use of the auxilary

port for this download is strongly recommended.

During the course of the download no exec input/output will be

available.

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